Transformasi Digital dan Tantangan Manajemen Risiko di Era Open Banking Pada Ekosistem UMKM di Kawasan Center Point of Indonesia Makassar

Abstract

Digital transformation through open banking has fundamentally reshaped the financial ecosystem for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly by expanding access to digital financial services, payment systems, and platform-based markets. While prior studies predominantly emphasize the benefits of digitalization, limited attention has been given to the emerging vulnerabilities and risk exposure experienced by SMEs within increasingly interconnected digital ecosystems. Addressing this gap, this study investigates how digital transformation in open banking simultaneously generates opportunities and vulnerabilities for SMEs operating in the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) Makassar ecosystem. Using a qualitative exploratory case study design, data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 SME actors actively engaged in digital financial platforms and analyzed using the Gioia methodology. The findings reveal that digital transformation creates a dual dynamic characterized by improved financial access, operational efficiency, and market expansion, while simultaneously increasing platform dependency, data vulnerability, algorithmic dependence, and asymmetrical control over digital infrastructures. The study further demonstrates that risk exposure in open banking ecosystems is relational and ecosystem-driven rather than purely internal to firms. Conceptually, this research introduces the notion of the opportunity–vulnerability nexus, highlighting that value creation and risk exposure emerge simultaneously within platform-based digital ecosystems. The study contributes to the digital transformation and open banking literature by reframing digitalization not only as a value enabler but also as a mechanism of risk redistribution in the digital economy.