Efek Elastisitas Permintaan dan Penawaran Pada Beberapa Komoditas Hasil Pertanian Terhadap Pasar

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the elasticity of demand and supply for key agricultural commodities in Indonesia, which play a crucial role in market dynamics. The agricultural sector, as the backbone of the national economy, is essential for the welfare of society, particularly through food commodities such as rice, galanga, and chili peppers. The findings indicate that the demand for rice is inelastic concerning price but elastic concerning income. In contrast, galanga and chili peppers exhibit higher price elasticity, reflecting consumer sensitivity to price fluctuations. The supply of chili peppers and cloves is relatively elastic, allowing for a quick response to price changes, while the supply of cashews is inelastic, indicating production constraints. Factors such as access to capital and technology significantly influence supply elasticity. This research underscores the necessity for policies that enhance access to technology and capital for farmers to improve supply elasticity and price stability. The limitations of this study include reliance on geographically specific data and the need for integrating external variables in the analysis. Recommendations for future research include longitudinal studies that consider external factors and policies to strengthen consumer purchasing power and market stability. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers and market participants in addressing the challenges of agricultural commodity market dynamics.